最近在 K8S 1.18.2 版本的集群上搭建DevOps环境,期间遇到了各种坑。目前,搭建环境的过程中出现的各种坑均已被填平,特此记录,并分享给大家!

文章和搭建环境所需要的yml文件已收录到:https://github.com/sunshinelyz/technology-binghehttps://gitee.com/binghe001/technology-binghe 。如果文件对你有点帮助,别忘记给个Star哦!

服务器规划

IP主机名节点操作系统
192.168.175.101binghe101K8S MasterCentOS 8.0.1905
192.168.175.102binghe102K8S WorkerCentOS 8.0.1905
192.168.175.103binghe103K8S WorkerCentOS 8.0.1905

安装环境版本

软件名称软件版本说明
Docker19.03.8提供容器环境
docker-compose1.25.5定义和运行由多个容器组成的应用
K8S1.8.12是一个开源的,用于管理云平台中多个主机上的容器化的应用,Kubernetes的目标是让部署容器化的应用简单并且高效(powerful),Kubernetes提供了应用部署,规划,更新,维护的一种机制。
GitLab12.1.6代码仓库(与SVN安装一个即可)
Harbor1.10.2私有镜像仓库
Jenkins2.89.3持续集成交付
SVN1.10.2代码仓库(与GitLab安装一个即可)
JDK1.8.0_202Java运行基础环境
maven3.6.3构建项目的基础插件

服务器免密码登录

在各服务器执行如下命令。

ssh-keygen -t rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 

将binghe102和binghe103服务器上的id_rsa.pub文件复制到binghe101服务器。

[root@binghe102 ~]# scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub binghe101:/root/.ssh/102
[root@binghe103 ~]# scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub binghe101:/root/.ssh/103

在binghe101服务器上执行如下命令。

cat ~/.ssh/102 >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/103 >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

然后将authorized_keys文件分别复制到binghe102、binghe103服务器。

[root@binghe101 ~]# scp .ssh/authorized_keys binghe102:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
[root@binghe101 ~]# scp .ssh/authorized_keys binghe103:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

删除binghe101节点上~/.ssh下的102和103文件。

rm ~/.ssh/102
rm ~/.ssh/103

安装JDK

需要在每台服务器上安装JDK环境。到Oracle官方下载JDK,我这里下的JDK版本为1.8.0_202,下载后解压并配置系统环境变量。

tar -zxvf jdk1.8.0_212.tar.gz
mv jdk1.8.0_212 /usr/local

接下来,配置系统环境变量。

配置项内容如下所示。

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH

接下来执行如下命令使系统环境变量生效。

安装Maven

到Apache官方下载Maven,我这里下载的Maven版本为3.6.3。下载后直接解压并配置系统环境变量。

tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.tar.gz
mv apache-maven-3.6.3-bin /usr/local

接下来,就是配置系统环境变量。

配置项内容如下所示。

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212
MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.3-bin
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib
PATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME CLASS_PATH MAVEN_HOME PATH

接下来执行如下命令使系统环境变量生效。

接下来,修改Maven的配置文件,如下所示。

<localRepository>/home/repository</localRepository>

将Maven下载的Jar包存储到/home/repository目录下。

安装Docker环境

本文档基于Docker 19.03.8 版本搭建Docker环境。

在所有服务器上创建install_docker.sh脚本,脚本内容如下所示。

export REGISTRY_MIRROR=https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
dnf install yum*
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
dnf install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.2.13-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.8 docker-ce-cli-19.03.8
systemctl enable docker.service
systemctl start docker.service
docker version

在每台服务器上为install_docker.sh脚本赋予可执行权限,并执行脚本即可。

安装docker-compose

注意:在每台服务器上安装docker-compose

1.下载docker-compose文件

curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.5/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 

2.为docker-compose文件赋予可执行权限

chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

3.查看docker-compose版本

[root@binghe ~]# docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.25.5, build 8a1c60f6
docker-py version: 4.1.0
CPython version: 3.7.5
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0l  10 Sep 2019

安装K8S集群环境

本文档基于K8S 1.8.12版本来搭建K8S集群

安装K8S基础环境

在所有服务器上创建install_k8s.sh脚本文件,脚本文件的内容如下所示。

#配置阿里云镜像加速器
mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://zz3sblpi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

#安装nfs-utils
yum install -y nfs-utils
yum install -y wget

#启动nfs-server
systemctl start nfs-server
systemctl enable nfs-server

#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

#关闭SeLinux
setenforce 0
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭 swap
swapoff -a
yes | cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak
cat /etc/fstab_bak |grep -v swap > /etc/fstab

#修改 /etc/sysctl.conf
# 如果有配置,则修改
sed -i "s#^net.ipv4.ip_forward.*#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables.*#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6.*#net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i "s#^net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding.*#net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1#g"  /etc/sysctl.conf
# 可能没有,追加
echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1"  >> /etc/sysctl.conf
# 执行命令以应用
sysctl -p

# 配置K8S的yum源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

# 卸载旧版本K8S
yum remove -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

# 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl,这里我安装的是1.18.2版本,你也可以安装1.17.2版本
yum install -y kubelet-1.18.2 kubeadm-1.18.2 kubectl-1.18.2

# 修改docker Cgroup Driver为systemd
# # 将/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service文件中的这一行 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
# # 修改为 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd
# 如果不修改,在添加 worker 节点时可能会碰到如下错误
# [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". 
# Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
sed -i "s#^ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd.*#ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd#g" /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

# 设置 docker 镜像,提高 docker 镜像下载速度和稳定性
# 如果访问 https://hub.docker.io 速度非常稳定,亦可以跳过这个步骤
# curl -sSL https://kuboard.cn/install-script/set_mirror.sh | sh -s ${REGISTRY_MIRROR}

# 重启 docker,并启动 kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

docker version

在每台服务器上为install_k8s.sh脚本赋予可执行权限,并执行脚本即可。

初始化Master节点

只在binghe101服务器上执行的操作。

1.初始化Master节点的网络环境

注意:下面的命令需要在命令行手动执行。

# 只在 master 节点执行
# export 命令只在当前 shell 会话中有效,开启新的 shell 窗口后,如果要继续安装过程,请重新执行此处的 export 命令
export MASTER_IP=192.168.175.101
# 替换 k8s.master 为 您想要的 dnsName
export APISERVER_NAME=k8s.master
# Kubernetes 容器组所在的网段,该网段安装完成后,由 kubernetes 创建,事先并不存在于物理网络中
export POD_SUBNET=172.18.0.1/16
echo "${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts

2.初始化Master节点

在binghe101服务器上创建init_master.sh脚本文件,文件内容如下所示。

#!/bin/bash
# 脚本出错时终止执行
set -e

if [ ${#POD_SUBNET} -eq 0 ] || [ ${#APISERVER_NAME} -eq 0 ]; then
  echo -e "\033[31;1m请确保您已经设置了环境变量 POD_SUBNET 和 APISERVER_NAME \033[0m"
  echo 当前POD_SUBNET=$POD_SUBNET
  echo 当前APISERVER_NAME=$APISERVER_NAME
  exit 1
fi


# 查看完整配置选项 https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2
rm -f ./kubeadm-config.yaml
cat <<EOF > ./kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.18.2
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
controlPlaneEndpoint: "${APISERVER_NAME}:6443"
networking:
  serviceSubnet: "10.96.0.0/16"
  podSubnet: "${POD_SUBNET}"
  dnsDomain: "cluster.local"
EOF

# kubeadm init
# 根据服务器网速的情况,您需要等候 3 - 10 分钟
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs

# 配置 kubectl
rm -rf /root/.kube/
mkdir /root/.kube/
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config

# 安装 calico 网络插件
# 参考文档 https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.13/getting-started/kubernetes/self-managed-onprem/onpremises
echo "安装calico-3.13.1"
rm -f calico-3.13.1.yaml
wget https://kuboard.cn/install-script/calico/calico-3.13.1.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico-3.13.1.yaml

赋予init_master.sh脚本文件可执行权限并执行脚本。

3.查看Master节点的初始化结果

(1)确保所有容器组处于Running状态

# 执行如下命令,等待 3-10 分钟,直到所有的容器组处于 Running 状态
watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide

具体执行如下所示。

[root@binghe101 ~]# watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
Every 2.0s: kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide                                                                                                                          binghe101: Sun May 10 11:01:32 2020

NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP                NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES          
calico-kube-controllers-5b8b769fcd-5dtlp   1/1     Running   0          118s   172.18.203.66     binghe101   <none>           <none>          
calico-node-fnv8g                          1/1     Running   0          118s   192.168.175.101   binghe101   <none>           <none>          
coredns-546565776c-27t7h                   1/1     Running   0          2m1s   172.18.203.67     binghe101   <none>           <none>          
coredns-546565776c-hjb8z                   1/1     Running   0          2m1s   172.18.203.65     binghe101   <none>           <none>          
etcd-binghe101                             1/1     Running   0          2m7s   192.168.175.101   binghe101   <none>           <none>          
kube-apiserver-binghe101                   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   192.168.175.101   binghe101   <none>           <none>          
kube-controller-manager-binghe101          1/1     Running   0          2m7s   192.168.175.101   binghe101   <none>           <none>          
kube-proxy-dvgsr                           1/1     Running   0          2m1s   192.168.175.101   binghe101   <none>           <none>          
kube-scheduler-binghe101                   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   192.168.175.101   binghe101   <none>           <none>

(2) 查看 Master 节点初始化结果

kubectl get nodes -o wide

具体执行如下所示。

[root@binghe101 ~]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME        STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION   INTERNAL-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE                KERNEL-VERSION         CONTAINER-RUNTIME
binghe101   Ready    master   3m28s   v1.18.2   192.168.175.101   <none>        CentOS Linux 8 (Core)   4.18.0-80.el8.x86_64   docker://19.3.8

初始化Worker节点

1.获取join命令参数

在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上执行如下命令获取join命令参数。

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

具体执行如下所示。

[root@binghe101 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
W0510 11:04:34.828126   56132 configset.go:202] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io]
kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d 

其中,有如下一行输出。

kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d 

这行代码就是获取到的join命令。

注意:join命令中的token的有效时间为 2 个小时,2小时内,可以使用此 token 初始化任意数量的 worker 节点。

2.初始化Worker节点

针对所有的 worker 节点执行,在这里,就是在binghe102服务器和binghe103服务器上执行。

在命令分别手动执行如下命令。

# 只在 worker 节点执行
# 192.168.175.101 为 master 节点的内网 IP
export MASTER_IP=192.168.175.101
# 替换 k8s.master 为初始化 master 节点时所使用的 APISERVER_NAME
export APISERVER_NAME=k8s.master
echo "${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts

# 替换为 master 节点上 kubeadm token create 命令输出的join
kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d 

具体执行如下所示。

[root@binghe102 ~]# export MASTER_IP=192.168.175.101
[root@binghe102 ~]# export APISERVER_NAME=k8s.master
[root@binghe102 ~]# echo "${MASTER_IP}    ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts
[root@binghe102 ~]# kubeadm join k8s.master:6443 --token 8nblts.62xytoqufwsqzko2     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1717cc3e34f6a56b642b5751796530e367aa73f4113d09994ac3455e33047c0d 
W0510 11:08:27.709263   42795 join.go:346] [preflight] WARNING: JoinControlPane.controlPlane settings will be ignored when control-plane flag is not set.
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.18" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

根据输出结果可以看出,Worker节点加入了K8S集群。

注意:kubeadm join…就是master 节点上 kubeadm token create 命令输出的join。

3.查看初始化结果

在Master节点(binghe101服务器)执行如下命令查看初始化结果。

kubectl get nodes -o wide

具体执行如下所示。

[root@binghe101 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
binghe101   Ready    master   20m     v1.18.2
binghe102   Ready    <none>   2m46s   v1.18.2
binghe103   Ready    <none>   2m46s   v1.18.2

注意:kubectl get nodes命令后面加上-o wide参数可以输出更多的信息。

重启K8S集群引起的问题

1.Worker节点故障不能启动

Master 节点的 IP 地址发生变化,导致 worker 节点不能启动。需要重新安装K8S集群,并确保所有节点都有固定的内网 IP 地址。

2.Pod崩溃或不能正常访问

重启服务器后使用如下命令查看Pod的运行状态。

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

发现很多 Pod 不在 Running 状态,此时,需要使用如下命令删除运行不正常的Pod。

kubectl delete pod <pod-name> -n <pod-namespece>

注意:如果Pod 是使用 Deployment、StatefulSet 等控制器创建的,K8S 将创建新的 Pod 作为替代,重新启动的 Pod 通常能够正常工作。

K8S安装ingress-nginx

注意:在Master节点(binghe101服务器上执行)

1.创建ingress-nginx命名空间

创建ingress-nginx-namespace.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    name: ingress-nginx

执行如下命令创建ingress-nginx命名空间。

kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx-namespace.yaml

2.安装ingress controller

创建ingress-nginx-mandatory.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: default-http-backend
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      containers:
        - name: default-http-backend
          
          
          
          image: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 8080
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 5
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 20Mi
            requests:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 20Mi

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: default-http-backend
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: default-http-backend
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-configuration
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: tcp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: udp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      
      
      
      
      - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: "10254"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-controller
          image: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/nginx-ingress-controller:0.20.0
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --default-backend-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-http-backend
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
            - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
            - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
            - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
            - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
          securityContext:
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            
            runAsUser: 33
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 1

---

执行如下命令安装ingress controller。

kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx-mandatory.yaml

3.安装K8S SVC:ingress-nginx

主要是用来用于暴露pod:nginx-ingress-controller。

创建service-nodeport.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
      nodePort: 30080
    - name: https
      port: 443
      targetPort: 443
      protocol: TCP
      nodePort: 30443
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

执行如下命令安装。

kubectl apply -f service-nodeport.yaml

4.访问K8S SVC:ingress-nginx

查看ingress-nginx命名空间的部署情况,如下所示。

[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
default-http-backend-796ddcd9b-vfmgn        1/1     Running   1          10h
nginx-ingress-controller-58985cc996-87754   1/1     Running   2          10h

在命令行服务器命令行输入如下命令查看ingress-nginx的端口映射情况。

kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx 

具体如下所示。

[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx 
NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
default-http-backend   ClusterIP   10.96.247.2   <none>        80/TCP                       7m3s
ingress-nginx          NodePort    10.96.40.6    <none>        80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP   4m35s

所以,可以通过Master节点(binghe101服务器)的IP地址和30080端口号来访问ingress-nginx,如下所示。

[root@binghe101 k8s]# curl 192.168.175.101:30080       
default backend - 404

也可以在浏览器打开http://192.168.175.101:30080 来访问ingress-nginx,如下所示。

K8S安装gitlab代码仓库

注意:在Master节点(binghe101服务器上执行)

1.创建k8s-ops命名空间

创建k8s-ops-namespace.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: k8s-ops

执行如下命令创建命名空间。

kubectl apply -f k8s-ops-namespace.yaml 

2.安装gitlab-redis

创建gitlab-redis.yaml文件,文件的内容如下所示。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: redis
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: redis
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: redis
  template:
    metadata:
      name: redis
      labels:
        name: redis
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: redis
        image: sameersbn/redis
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - name: redis
          containerPort: 6379
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/redis
          name: data
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - redis-cli
            - ping
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - redis-cli
            - ping
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          timeoutSeconds: 5
      volumes:
      - name: data
        hostPath:
          path: /data1/docker/xinsrv/redis

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: redis
spec:
  ports:
    - name: redis
      port: 6379
      targetPort: redis
  selector:
    name: redis

首先,在命令行执行如下命令创建/data1/docker/xinsrv/redis目录。

mkdir -p /data1/docker/xinsrv/redis

执行如下命令安装gitlab-redis。

kubectl apply -f gitlab-redis.yaml 

3.安装gitlab-postgresql

创建gitlab-postgresql.yaml,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: postgresql
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: postgresql
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: postgresql
  template:
    metadata:
      name: postgresql
      labels:
        name: postgresql
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: postgresql
        image: sameersbn/postgresql
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        env:
        - name: DB_USER
          value: gitlab
        - name: DB_PASS
          value: passw0rd
        - name: DB_NAME
          value: gitlab_production
        - name: DB_EXTENSION
          value: pg_trgm
        ports:
        - name: postgres
          containerPort: 5432
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql
          name: data
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -h
            - localhost
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -h
            - localhost
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 1
      volumes:
      - name: data
        hostPath:
          path: /data1/docker/xinsrv/postgresql
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: postgresql
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: postgresql
spec:
  ports:
    - name: postgres
      port: 5432
      targetPort: postgres
  selector:
    name: postgresql

首先,执行如下命令创建/data1/docker/xinsrv/postgresql目录。

mkdir -p /data1/docker/xinsrv/postgresql

接下来,安装gitlab-postgresql,如下所示。

kubectl apply -f gitlab-postgresql.yaml

4.安装gitlab

(1)配置用户名和密码

首先,在命令行使用base64编码为用户名和密码进行转码,本示例中,使用的用户名为admin,密码为admin.1231

转码情况如下所示。

[root@binghe101 k8s]# echo -n 'admin' | base64 
YWRtaW4=
[root@binghe101 k8s]# echo -n 'admin.1231' | base64 
YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==

转码后的用户名为:YWRtaW4= 密码为:YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==

也可以对base64编码后的字符串解码,例如,对密码字符串解码,如下所示。

[root@binghe101 k8s]# echo 'YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==' | base64 --decode 
admin.1231

接下来,创建secret-gitlab.yaml文件,主要是用户来配置GitLab的用户名和密码,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  namespace: k8s-ops
  name: git-user-pass
type: Opaque
data:
  username: YWRtaW4=
  password: YWRtaW4uMTIzMQ==

执行配置文件的内容,如下所示。

kubectl create -f ./secret-gitlab.yaml

(2)安装GitLab

创建gitlab.yaml文件,文件的内容如下所示。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: gitlab
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: gitlab
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: gitlab
  template:
    metadata:
      name: gitlab
      labels:
        name: gitlab
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: gitlab
        image: sameersbn/gitlab:12.1.6
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        env:
        - name: TZ
          value: Asia/Shanghai
        - name: GITLAB_TIMEZONE
          value: Beijing
        - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_DB_KEY_BASE
          value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string
        - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_SECRET_KEY_BASE
          value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string
        - name: GITLAB_SECRETS_OTP_KEY_BASE
          value: long-and-random-alpha-numeric-string
        - name: GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: git-user-pass
              key: password
        - name: GITLAB_ROOT_EMAIL
          value: 12345678@qq.com
        - name: GITLAB_HOST
          value: gitlab.binghe.com
        - name: GITLAB_PORT
          value: "80"
        - name: GITLAB_SSH_PORT
          value: "30022"
        - name: GITLAB_NOTIFY_ON_BROKEN_BUILDS
          value: "true"
        - name: GITLAB_NOTIFY_PUSHER
          value: "false"
        - name: GITLAB_BACKUP_SCHEDULE
          value: daily
        - name: GITLAB_BACKUP_TIME
          value: 01:00
        - name: DB_TYPE
          value: postgres
        - name: DB_HOST
          value: postgresql
        - name: DB_PORT
          value: "5432"
        - name: DB_USER
          value: gitlab
        - name: DB_PASS
          value: passw0rd
        - name: DB_NAME
          value: gitlab_production
        - name: REDIS_HOST
          value: redis
        - name: REDIS_PORT
          value: "6379"
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
        - name: ssh
          containerPort: 22
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /home/git/data
          name: data
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 180
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 1
      volumes:
      - name: data
        hostPath:
          path: /data1/docker/xinsrv/gitlab
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: gitlab
  namespace: k8s-ops
  labels:
    name: gitlab
spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      nodePort: 30088
    - name: ssh
      port: 22
      targetPort: ssh
      nodePort: 30022
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    name: gitlab

---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: gitlab
  namespace: k8s-ops
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
spec:
  rules:
  - host: gitlab.binghe.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: gitlab
          servicePort: http

注意:在配置GitLab时,监听主机时,不能使用IP地址,需要使用主机名或者域名,上述配置中,我使用的是gitlab.binghe.com主机名。

在命令行执行如下命令创建/data1/docker/xinsrv/gitlab目录。

mkdir -p /data1/docker/xinsrv/gitlab

安装GitLab,如下所示。

kubectl apply -f gitlab.yaml

5.安装完成

查看k8s-ops命名空间部署情况,如下所示。

[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get pod -n k8s-ops
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
gitlab-7b459db47c-5vk6t       0/1     Running   0          11s
postgresql-79567459d7-x52vx   1/1     Running   0          30m
redis-67f4cdc96c-h5ckz        1/1     Running   1          10h

也可以使用如下命令查看。

[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get pod --namespace=k8s-ops
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
gitlab-7b459db47c-5vk6t       0/1     Running   0          36s
postgresql-79567459d7-x52vx   1/1     Running   0          30m
redis-67f4cdc96c-h5ckz        1/1     Running   1          10h

二者效果一样。

接下来,查看GitLab的端口映射,如下所示。

[root@binghe101 k8s]# kubectl get svc -n k8s-ops
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                     AGE
gitlab       NodePort    10.96.153.100   <none>        80:30088/TCP,22:30022/TCP   2m42s
postgresql   ClusterIP   10.96.203.119   <none>        5432/TCP                    32m
redis        ClusterIP   10.96.107.150   <none>        6379/TCP                    10h

此时,可以看到,可以通过Master节点(binghe101)的主机名gitlab.binghe.com和端口30088就能够访问GitLab。由于我这里使用的是虚拟机来搭建相关的环境,在本机访问虚拟机映射的gitlab.binghe.com时,需要配置本机的hosts文件,在本机的hosts文件中加入如下配置项。

192.168.175.101 gitlab.binghe.com

注意:在Windows操作系统中,hosts文件所在的目录如下。

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

接下来,就可以在浏览器中通过链接:http://gitlab.binghe.com:30088 来访问GitLab了,如下所示。

此时,可以通过用户名root和密码admin.1231来登录GitLab了。

注意:这里的用户名是root而不是admin,因为root是GitLab默认的超级用户。

登录后的界面如下所示。

到此,K8S安装gitlab完成。

安装Harbor私有仓库

注意:这里将Harbor私有仓库安装在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上,实际生产环境中建议安装在其他服务器。

1.下载Harbor的离线安装版本

wget https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v1.10.2/harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.2.tgz

2.解压Harbor的安装包

tar -zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.2.tgz

解压成功后,会在服务器当前目录生成一个harbor目录。

3.配置Harbor

注意:这里,我将Harbor的端口修改成了1180,如果不修改Harbor的端口,默认的端口是80。

(1)修改harbor.yml文件

修改的配置项如下所示。

hostname: 192.168.175.101
http:
  port: 1180
harbor_admin_password: binghe123
###并把https注释掉,不然在安装的时候会报错:ERROR:root:Error: The protocol is https but attribute ssl_cert is not set
#https:
  #port: 443
  #certificate: /your/certificate/path
  #private_key: /your/private/key/path

(2)修改daemon.json文件

修改/etc/docker/daemon.json文件,没有的话就创建,在/etc/docker/daemon.json文件中添加如下内容。

[root@binghe~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://zz3sblpi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "insecure-registries":["192.168.175.101:1180"]
}

也可以在服务器上使用 ip addr 命令查看本机所有的IP地址段,将其配置到/etc/docker/daemon.json文件中。这里,我配置后的文件内容如下所示。

{
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://zz3sblpi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
    "insecure-registries":["192.168.175.0/16","172.17.0.0/16", "172.18.0.0/16", "172.16.29.0/16", "192.168.175.101:1180"]
}

4.安装并启动harbor

配置完成后,输入如下命令即可安装并启动Harbor

[root@binghe harbor]# ./install.sh 

5.登录Harbor并添加账户

安装成功后,在浏览器地址栏输入http://192.168.175.101:1180打开链接,如下图所示。

输入用户名admin和密码binghe123,登录系统,如下图所示

接下来,我们选择用户管理,添加一个管理员账户,为后续打包Docker镜像和上传Docker镜像做准备。添加账户的步骤如下所示。

此处填写的密码为Binghe123。

点击确定后,如下所示。

此时,账户binghe还不是管理员,此时选中binghe账户,点击“设置为管理员”。

此时,binghe账户就被设置为管理员了。到此,Harbor的安装就完成了。

6.修改Harbor端口

如果安装Harbor后,大家需要修改Harbor的端口,可以按照如下步骤修改Harbor的端口,这里,我以将80端口修改为1180端口为例

(1)修改harbor.yml文件

修改的配置项如下所示。

hostname: 192.168.175.101
http:
  port: 1180
harbor_admin_password: binghe123
###并把https注释掉,不然在安装的时候会报错:ERROR:root:Error: The protocol is https but attribute ssl_cert is not set
#https:
  #port: 443
  #certificate: /your/certificate/path
  #private_key: /your/private/key/path

(2)修改docker-compose.yml文件

修改的配置项如下所示。

(3)修改config.yml文件

cd common/config/registry
vim config.yml

修改的配置项如下所示。

realm: http://192.168.175.101:1180/service/token

(4)重启Docker

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service

(5)重启Harbor

[root@binghe harbor]# docker-compose down
Stopping harbor-log ... done
Removing nginx             ... done
Removing harbor-portal     ... done
Removing harbor-jobservice ... done
Removing harbor-core       ... done
Removing redis             ... done
Removing registry          ... done
Removing registryctl       ... done
Removing harbor-db         ... done
Removing harbor-log        ... done
Removing network harbor_harbor
 
[root@binghe harbor]# ./prepare
prepare base dir is set to /mnt/harbor
Clearing the configuration file: /config/log/logrotate.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/nginx/nginx.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/core/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/core/app.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registry/root.crt
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registry/config.yml
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registryctl/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registryctl/config.yml
Clearing the configuration file: /config/db/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/jobservice/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/jobservice/config.yml
Generated configuration file: /config/log/logrotate.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/nginx/nginx.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/core/env
Generated configuration file: /config/core/app.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/registry/config.yml
Generated configuration file: /config/registryctl/env
Generated configuration file: /config/db/env
Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/env
Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/config.yml
loaded secret from file: /secret/keys/secretkey
Generated configuration file: /compose_location/docker-compose.yml
Clean up the input dir
 
[root@binghe harbor]# docker-compose up -d
Creating network "harbor_harbor" with the default driver
Creating harbor-log ... done
Creating harbor-db   ... done
Creating redis       ... done
Creating registry    ... done
Creating registryctl ... done
Creating harbor-core ... done
Creating harbor-jobservice ... done
Creating harbor-portal     ... done
Creating nginx             ... done
 
[root@binghe harbor]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                             PORTS

安装Jenkins(一般的做法)

1.安装nfs(之前安装过的话,可以省略此步)

使用 nfs 最大的问题就是写权限,可以使用 kubernetes 的 securityContext/runAsUser 指定 jenkins 容器中运行 jenkins 的用户 uid,以此来指定 nfs 目录的权限,让 jenkins 容器可写;也可以不限制,让所有用户都可以写。这里为了简单,就让所有用户可写了。

如果之前已经安装过nfs,则这一步可以省略。找一台主机,安装 nfs,这里,我以在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上安装nfs为例。

在命令行输入如下命令安装并启动nfs。

yum install nfs-utils -y
systemctl start nfs-server
systemctl enable nfs-server

2.创建nfs共享目录

在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上创建 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data目录作为nfs的共享目录,如下所示。

mkdir -p /opt/nfs/jenkins-data

接下来,编辑/etc/exports文件,如下所示。

在/etc/exports文件文件中添加如下一行配置。

/opt/nfs/jenkins-data 192.168.175.0/24(rw,all_squash)

这里的 ip 使用 kubernetes node 节点的 ip 范围,后面的 all_squash 选项会将所有访问的用户都映射成 nfsnobody 用户,不管你是什么用户访问,最终都会压缩成 nfsnobody,所以只要将 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data 的属主改为 nfsnobody,那么无论什么用户来访问都具有写权限。

这个选项在很多机器上由于用户 uid 不规范导致启动进程的用户不同,但是同时要对一个共享目录具有写权限时很有效。

接下来,为 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data目录授权,并重新加载nfs,如下所示。

chown -R 1000 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data/
systemctl reload nfs-server

在K8S集群中任意一个节点上使用如下命令进行验证:

如果能够看到 /opt/nfs/jenkins-data 就表示 ok 了。

具体如下所示。

[root@binghe101 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.175.101
Export list for 192.168.175.101:
/opt/nfs/jenkins-data 192.168.175.0/24

[root@binghe102 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.175.101
Export list for 192.168.175.101:
/opt/nfs/jenkins-data 192.168.175.0/24

3.创建PV

Jenkins 其实只要加载对应的目录就可以读取之前的数据,但是由于 deployment 无法定义存储卷,因此我们只能使用 StatefulSet。

首先创建 pv,pv 是给 StatefulSet 使用的,每次 StatefulSet 启动都会通过 volumeClaimTemplates 这个模板去创建 pvc,因此必须得有 pv,才能供 pvc 绑定。

创建jenkins-pv.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: jenkins
spec:
  nfs:
    path: /opt/nfs/jenkins-data
    server: 192.168.175.101
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
  capacity:
    storage: 1Ti

我这里给了 1T存储空间,可以根据实际配置。

执行如下命令创建pv。

kubectl apply -f jenkins-pv.yaml 

4.创建serviceAccount

创建service account,因为 jenkins 后面需要能够动态创建 slave,因此它必须具备一些权限。

创建jenkins-service-account.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: jenkins

---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: jenkins
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "update", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/exec"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "update", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/log"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: jenkins
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: jenkins
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: jenkins

上述配置中,创建了一个 RoleBinding 和一个 ServiceAccount,并且将 RoleBinding 的权限绑定到这个用户上。所以,jenkins 容器必须使用这个 ServiceAccount 运行才行,不然 RoleBinding 的权限它将不具备。

RoleBinding 的权限很容易就看懂了,因为 jenkins 需要创建和删除 slave,所以才需要上面这些权限。至于 secrets 权限,则是 https 证书。

执行如下命令创建serviceAccount。

kubectl apply -f jenkins-service-account.yaml 

5.安装Jenkins

创建jenkins-statefulset.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  labels:
    name: jenkins
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: jenkins
  serviceName: jenkins
  replicas: 1
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      name: jenkins
      labels:
        name: jenkins
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      serviceAccountName: jenkins
      containers:
        - name: jenkins
          image: docker.io/jenkins/jenkins:lts
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
            - containerPort: 32100
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 4
              memory: 4Gi
            requests:
              cpu: 4
              memory: 4Gi
          env:
            - name: LIMITS_MEMORY
              valueFrom:
                resourceFieldRef:
                  resource: limits.memory
                  divisor: 1Mi
            - name: JAVA_OPTS
              
              value: -Xmx$(LIMITS_MEMORY)m -XshowSettings:vm -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.initialDelay=0 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN=50 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN0=0.85
          volumeMounts:
            - name: jenkins-home
              mountPath: /var/jenkins_home
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /login
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 60
            timeoutSeconds: 5
            failureThreshold: 12 
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /login
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 60
            timeoutSeconds: 5
            failureThreshold: 12 
  
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: jenkins-home
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 1Ti

jenkins 部署时需要注意它的副本数,你的副本数有多少就要有多少个 pv,同样,存储会有多倍消耗。这里我只使用了一个副本,因此前面也只创建了一个 pv。

使用如下命令安装Jenkins。

kubectl apply -f jenkins-statefulset.yaml 

6.创建Service

创建jenkins-service.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: jenkins
spec:
  
  selector:
    name: jenkins
  
  
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      nodePort: 31888
      targetPort: 8080
      protocol: TCP
    - name: jenkins-agent
      port: 32100
      nodePort: 32100
      targetPort: 32100
      protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort

使用如下命令安装Service。

kubectl apply -f jenkins-service.yaml 

7.安装 ingress

jenkins 的 web 界面需要从集群外访问,这里我们选择的是使用 ingress。创建jenkins-ingress.yaml文件,文件内容如下所示。

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: jenkins
spec:
  rules:
    - http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            backend:
              serviceName: jenkins
              servicePort: 31888
      host: jekins.binghe.com

这里,需要注意的是host必须配置为域名或者主机名,否则会报错,如下所示。

The Ingress "jenkins" is invalid: spec.rules[0].host: Invalid value: "192.168.175.101": must be a DNS name, not an IP address

使用如下命令安装ingress。

kubectl apply -f jenkins-ingress.yaml 

最后,由于我这里使用的是虚拟机来搭建相关的环境,在本机访问虚拟机映射的jekins.binghe.com时,需要配置本机的hosts文件,在本机的hosts文件中加入如下配置项。

192.168.175.101 jekins.binghe.com

注意:在Windows操作系统中,hosts文件所在的目录如下。

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

接下来,就可以在浏览器中通过链接:http://jekins.binghe.com:31888 来访问Jekins了。

物理机安装SVN

这里,以在Master节点(binghe101服务器)上安装SVN为例。

1.使用yum安装SVN

在命令行执行如下命令安装SVN。

yum -y install subversion 

2.创建SVN库

依次执行如下命令。

#创建/data/svn
mkdir -p /data/svn 
#初始化svn
svnserve -d -r /data/svn
#创建代码仓库
svnadmin create /data/svn/test

3.配置SVN

mkdir /data/svn/conf
cp /data/svn/test/conf/* /data/svn/conf/
cd /data/svn/conf/
[root@binghe101 conf]# ll
总用量 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1080 5月  12 02:17 authz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  885 5月  12 02:17 hooks-env.tmpl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  309 5月  12 02:17 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4375 5月  12 02:17 svnserve.conf
  • 配置authz文件,

配置后的内容如下所示。

[aliases]
# joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average

[groups]
# harry_and_sally = harry,sally
# harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe
SuperAdmin = admin
binghe = admin,binghe

# [/foo/bar]
# harry = rw
# &joe = r
# * =

# [repository:/baz/fuz]
# @harry_and_sally = rw
# * = r

[test:/]
@SuperAdmin=rw
@binghe=rw
  • 配置passwd文件

配置后的内容如下所示。

[users]
# harry = harryssecret
# sally = sallyssecret
admin = admin123
binghe = binghe123
  • 配置 svnserve.conf

配置后的文件如下所示。

### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
### use it to allow access to this repository.  (If you only allow
### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
### irrelevant.)

### Visit http://subversion.apache.org/ for more information.

[general]
### The anon-access and auth-access options control access to the
### repository for unauthenticated (a.k.a. anonymous) users and
### authenticated users, respectively.
### Valid values are "write", "read", and "none".
### Setting the value to "none" prohibits both reading and writing;
### "read" allows read-only access, and "write" allows complete 
### read/write access to the repository.
### The sample settings below are the defaults and specify that anonymous
### users have read-only access to the repository, while authenticated
### users have read and write access to the repository.
anon-access = none
auth-access = write
### The password-db option controls the location of the password
### database file.  Unless you specify a path starting with a /,
### the file's location is relative to the directory containing
### this configuration file.
### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file.
password-db = /data/svn/conf/passwd
### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization
### rules for path-based access control.  Unless you specify a path
### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the
### directory containing this file.  The specified path may be a
### repository relative URL (^/) or an absolute file:// URL to a text
### file in a Subversion repository.  If you don't specify an authz-db,
### no path-based access control is done.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file.
authz-db = /data/svn/conf/authz
### The groups-db option controls the location of the file with the
### group definitions and allows maintaining groups separately from the
### authorization rules.  The groups-db file is of the same format as the
### authz-db file and should contain a single [groups] section with the
### group definitions.  If the option is enabled, the authz-db file cannot
### contain a [groups] section.  Unless you specify a path starting with
### a /, the file's location is relative to the directory containing this
### file.  The specified path may be a repository relative URL (^/) or an
### absolute file:// URL to a text file in a Subversion repository.
### This option is not being used by default.
# groups-db = groups
### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository.
### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should
### have the same password database, and vice versa.  The default realm
### is repository's uuid.
realm = svn
### The force-username-case option causes svnserve to case-normalize
### usernames before comparing them against the authorization rules in the
### authz-db file configured above.  Valid values are "upper" (to upper-
### case the usernames), "lower" (to lowercase the usernames), and
### "none" (to compare usernames as-is without case conversion, which
### is the default behavior).
# force-username-case = none
### The hooks-env options specifies a path to the hook script environment 
### configuration file. This option overrides the per-repository default
### and can be used to configure the hook script environment for multiple 
### repositories in a single file, if an absolute path is specified.
### Unless you specify an absolute path, the file's location is relative
### to the directory containing this file.
# hooks-env = hooks-env

[sasl]
### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL
### library for authentication. Default is false.
### Enabling this option requires svnserve to have been built with Cyrus
### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line
### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.'
# use-sasl = true
### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer
### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means
### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated
### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit
### encryption). The values below are the defaults.
# min-encryption = 0
# max-encryption = 256

接下来,将/data/svn/conf目录下的svnserve.conf文件复制到/data/svn/test/conf/目录下。如下所示。

[root@binghe101 conf]# cp /data/svn/conf/svnserve.conf /data/svn/test/conf/
cp:是否覆盖'/data/svn/test/conf/svnserve.conf'? y

4.启动SVN服务

(1)创建svnserve.service服务

创建svnserve.service文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/svnserve.service

文件的内容如下所示。

[Unit]
Description=Subversion protocol daemon
After=syslog.target network.target
Documentation=man:svnserve(8)

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/svnserve
#ExecStart=/usr/bin/svnserve --daemon --pid-file=/run/svnserve/svnserve.pid $OPTIONS
ExecStart=/usr/bin/svnserve --daemon $OPTIONS
PrivateTmp=yes

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

接下来执行如下命令使配置生效。

命令执行成功后,修改 /etc/sysconfig/svnserve 文件。

vim /etc/sysconfig/svnserve 

修改后的文件内容如下所示。

# OPTIONS is used to pass command-line arguments to svnserve.
# 
# Specify the repository location in -r parameter:
OPTIONS="-r /data/svn"

(2)启动SVN

首先查看SVN状态,如下所示。

[root@itence10 conf]# systemctl status svnserve.service
● svnserve.service - Subversion protocol daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/svnserve.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:svnserve(8)

可以看到,此时SVN并没有启动,接下来,需要启动SVN。

systemctl start svnserve.service

设置SVN服务开机自启动。

systemctl enable svnserve.service

接下来,就可以下载安装TortoiseSVN,输入链接svn://192.168.0.10/test 并输入用户名binghe,密码binghe123来连接SVN了。

物理机安装Jenkins

注意:安装Jenkins之前需要安装JDK和Maven,我这里同样将Jenkins安装在Master节点(binghe101服务器)。

1.启用Jenkins库

运行以下命令以下载repo文件并导入GPG密钥:

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
rpm --import https://jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins-ci.org.key

2.安装Jenkins

执行如下命令安装Jenkis。

接下来,修改Jenkins默认端口,如下所示。

vim /etc/sysconfig/jenkins

修改后的两项配置如下所示。

JENKINS_JAVA_CMD="/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212/bin/java"
JENKINS_PORT="18080"

此时,已经将Jenkins的端口由8080修改为18080

3.启动Jenkins

在命令行输入如下命令启动Jenkins。

配置Jenkins开机自启动。

查看Jenkins的运行状态。

[root@itence10 ~]# systemctl status jenkins
● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; generated)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-05-12 04:33:40 EDT; 28s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Tasks: 71 (limit: 26213)
   Memory: 550.8M

说明,Jenkins启动成功。

配置Jenkins运行环境

1.登录Jenkins

首次安装后,需要配置Jenkins的运行环境。首先,在浏览器地址栏访问链接http://192.168.0.10:18080,打开Jenkins界面。

根据提示使用如下命令到服务器上找密码值,如下所示。

[root@binghe101 ~]# cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
71af861c2ab948a1b6efc9f7dde90776

将密码71af861c2ab948a1b6efc9f7dde90776复制到文本框,点击继续。会跳转到自定义Jenkins页面,如下所示。

这里,可以直接选择“安装推荐的插件”。之后会跳转到一个安装插件的页面,如下所示。

此步骤可能有下载失败的情况,可直接忽略。

2.安装插件

需要安装的插件

  • Kubernetes Cli Plugin:该插件可直接在Jenkins中使用kubernetes命令行进行操作。

  • Kubernetes plugin: 使用kubernetes则需要安装该插件

  • Kubernetes Continuous Deploy Plugin:kubernetes部署插件,可根据需要使用

还有更多的插件可供选择,可点击 系统管理->管理插件进行管理和添加,安装相应的Docker插件、SSH插件、Maven插件。其他的插件可以根据需要进行安装。如下图所示。

3.配置Jenkins

(1)配置JDK和Maven

在Global Tool Configuration中配置JDK和Maven,如下所示,打开Global Tool Configuration界面。

接下来就开始配置JDK和Maven了。

由于我在服务器上将Maven安装在/usr/local/maven-3.6.3目录下,所以,需要在“Maven 配置”中进行配置,如下图所示。

接下来,配置JDK,如下所示。

注意:不要勾选“Install automatically”

接下来,配置Maven,如下所示。

注意:不要勾选“Install automatically”

(2)配置SSH

进入Jenkins的Configure System界面配置SSH,如下所示。

找到 SSH remote hosts 进行配置。

配置完成后,点击Check connection按钮,会显示 Successfull connection。如下所示。

至此,Jenkins的基本配置就完成了。

Jenkins发布Docker项目到K8s集群

1.调整SpringBoot项目的配置

实现,SpringBoot项目中启动类所在的模块的pom.xml需要引入打包成Docker镜像的配置,如下所示。

  <properties>
        <docker.repostory>192.168.0.10:1180</docker.repostory>
        <docker.registry.name>test</docker.registry.name>
        <docker.image.tag>1.0.0</docker.image.tag>
        <docker.maven.plugin.version>1.4.10</docker.maven.plugin.version>
  </properties>

<build>
        <finalName>test-starter</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            
            
            
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
                <artifactId>dockerfile-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${docker.maven.plugin.version}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                    <id>default</id>
                    <goals>
                        
                        <goal>build</goal>
                        <goal>push</goal>
                    </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
                <configuration>
                    <contextDirectory>${project.basedir}</contextDirectory>
                    
                    <useMavenSettingsForAuth>useMavenSettingsForAuth>true</useMavenSettingsForAuth>
                    <repository>${docker.repostory}/${docker.registry.name}/${project.artifactId}</repository>
                    <tag>${docker.image.tag}</tag>
                    <buildArgs>
                        <JAR_FILE>target/${project.build.finalName}.jar</JAR_FILE>
                    </buildArgs>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
        
        <resources>
            
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

接下来,在SpringBoot启动类所在模块的根目录创建Dockerfile,内容示例如下所示。

#添加依赖环境,前提是将Java8的Docker镜像从官方镜像仓库pull下来,然后上传到自己的Harbor私有仓库中
FROM 192.168.0.10:1180/library/java:8
#指定镜像制作作者
MAINTAINER binghe
#运行目录
VOLUME /tmp
#将本地的文件拷贝到容器
ADD target/*jar app.jar
#启动容器后自动执行的命令
ENTRYPOINT [ "java", "-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom", "-jar", "/app.jar" ]

根据实际情况,自行修改。

注意:FROM 192.168.0.10:1180/library/java:8的前提是执行如下命令。

docker pull java:8
docker tag java:8 192.168.0.10:1180/library/java:8
docker login 192.168.0.10:1180
docker push 192.168.0.10:1180/library/java:8

在SpringBoot启动类所在模块的根目录创建yaml文件,录入叫做test.yaml文件,内容如下所示。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: test-starter
  labels:
    app: test-starter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: test-starter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: test-starter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: test-starter
        image: 192.168.0.10:1180/test/test-starter:1.0.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8088
      nodeSelector:
        clustertype: node12

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: test-starter
  labels:
    app: test-starter
spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 8088
      nodePort: 30001
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: test-starter

2.Jenkins配置发布项目

将项目上传到SVN代码库,例如地址为svn://192.168.0.10/test

接下来,在Jenkins中配置自动发布。步骤如下所示。

点击新建Item。

在描述文本框中输入描述信息,如下所示。

接下来,配置SVN信息。

注意:配置GitLab的步骤与SVN相同,不再赘述。

定位到Jenkins的“构建模块”,使用Execute Shell来构建发布项目到K8S集群。

执行的命令依次如下所示。

#删除本地原有的镜像,不会影响Harbor仓库中的镜像
docker rmi 192.168.0.10:1180/test/test-starter:1.0.0
#使用Maven编译、构建Docker镜像,执行完成后本地Docker容器中会重新构建镜像文件
/usr/local/maven-3.6.3/bin/mvn -f ./pom.xml clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true
#登录 Harbor仓库
docker login 192.168.0.10:1180 -u binghe -p Binghe123
#上传镜像到Harbor仓库
docker push 192.168.0.10:1180/test/test-starter:1.0.0
#停止并删除K8S集群中运行的
/usr/bin/kubectl delete -f test.yaml
#将Docker镜像重新发布到K8S集群
/usr/bin/kubectl apply -f test.yaml

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